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Modern Plus Popular Mass – Media :
Television, Cinema and New Media
Name : Pipavat Gopi
Course No. 15 : Mass Communication and Media Studies: An Introduction
Topic : Modern Plus Popular Mass – Media :
Television, Cinema and New Media
M.A. English Semester – 4
Batch: 2015 - 2017
Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
Introduction :-
The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large
audience via mass communication.
The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety
of outlets.
Broadcast media transmit information electronically,
via such media as film, radio, recorded music, or television. Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise
such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other
mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as
linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR Codes in outdoor or
print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can utilise
the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as
thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world
simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmit information
via such media as AR advertising; billboards; blimps; flying billboards (signs
in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside of buses,
commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or
skywriting] Print media transmit information via physical objects,
such as books, comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets Event organizing and public speaking can also be
considered forms of mass media.
The organizations that control these technologies, such
as movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations, are
also known as the mass media.
Five characteristics of mass communication have been identified by
sociologist John Thompson of Cambridge University
- Comprises both technical and institutional methods of production and distribution" - This is evident throughout the history of mass media, from print to the Internet, each suitable for commercial utility
- Involves the "commodification of symbolic forms" - as the production of materials relies on its ability to manufacture and sell large quantities of the work; jas radio stations rely on their time sold to advertisements, so too newspapers rely on their space for the same reasons
- "[S]eparate contexts between the production and reception of information"
- Its "reach to those 'far removed' in time and space, in comparison to the producers"
- "[I]nformation distribution" - a "one to many" form of communication, whereby products are mass-produced and disseminated to a great quantity of audiences
Ø Types of Mass Media :
The mass media
has evolved significantly over time. Have you ever wondered how the latest news
and information was communicated in the past? Well, before there was the
Internet, television, or the radio, there was the newspaper. The newspaper was
the original platform for mass media. For a long period of time, the public
relied on writers and journalists for the local newspapers to provide them with
the latest news in current events.
Centuries
later, in the 1890s, came the invention of the radio. The radio would soon
supersede the newspaper as the most pertinent source for mass media. Families
would gather around the radio and listen to their favorite radio station
programs to hear the latest news regarding politics, social issues, and
entertainment.
Later on down the line came the invention of the
television. The television would soon replace the radio for the most effective
platform to reach the general public. Today, the Internet is the most relevant
form of mass media and has become a major tool for news outlets. Since the
evolution of the Internet, the general public is now able to access those same
news outlets in an instant with just a click of a mouse, instead of having to
wait for scheduled programs.
1.
Broadcast
2.
Film
3.
Video games
4.
Audio recording and reproduction
5.
Internet
6.
Blogs (web logs)
7.
RSS feeds
8.
Podcast
9.
Mobile
10. Print media
11.
Magazine
12. Newspaper
13. Outdoor
media
Modern
communication technology has made people closer in the world and in this
technologies Television, cinema and New Media take or stand first in importance
as well as in influence. All these media can reach a number of people at a
time. It means they are so powerful and fast than they seem. Television is the
parent of changes in society, as people are diverted towards it rather than
other sources of entertainment. It makes people visit the whole world in a day,
what an influential controlling media it is!
When it came
into existence in India, became a great concern to parents and teachers because
children were diverged by the use of it. Television is given so much importance
and time, that it has become a member of family.
Now, parents
also accept that they also spend lots of time with it and that is why they
cannot control their children to watch it. The present condition is set in a
way that the simpler man may not have refrigerator, washing machine, vacuum
cleaner or other high class facilities but a set of television in his house.
Some of the families are having more than one or two TV sets at home.
So that they can watch their favorite programs any time
they like to. Now there are also various programs recording system is provided
so that one can watch programs whenever one likes. The idea of two or more TV
sets at home and the changing pattern of society is alarming the decay of
family relationship. Initially, the whole family used to watch television
programs together but in recent time no one is ready to make those days alive,
as the programs and messages re changing quickly.
Television
(T.V.) :
First,
television came with only one channel which was Doordarshan but now there is a
range of channels and some of them are specialized for particular programs. For
example; Star plus is for Saas-Bahu programs, Sony Max, Star Gold, Zee Cinema
etc. are for movies, 9XM, [V] Channel, MTV, etc. are for songs, Star Cricket,
ESPN, Ten sport, are for sports, India TV, Aaj Tak, Times Now etc. are for news
programs.
So, TV channels
offer self-service, whatever viewer wants to eat, can have in his dish. At the
same time television also provides positive aspects like union ship of family.
For example on
Sub TV, there are lots of funny programs like Tarak Mehta ka Ooltah Chashma,
Lapata Ganj Shard Joshi ki Kahanion ka Pata, R.S. Laxmanki Duniya, in short,
all programs on sub TV Channel are comfortable with the whole family to watch.
They can watch them together as they are free of violence and obscenity but
comedy. Each coin has two sides, similarly TV shows are also having violence
and obscenity like Big Boss, a reality show which makes the members of family
uncomfortable while they watch such shows together.
There is one
more example of a TV serial named CID (Crime Investigation Department), that
was came into Gujarat Samachar news Paper saying that one boy kidnapped another
one and demanded for the money to his father, and they got the idea from this
CID, so, children also learn some unwanted things from television serials which
causes moral anarchy in society.
Once on
Discovery channel there was one survey which was carried out by some health
experts that television shows make children lazy and they become victim of
obesity.
The children
are now not that much healthy and active, thus, one can say that television
also affects their health. Advertisements are also a major part of it from
which children learn violence, vulgar and cheap jokes and sometimes Tappori
language too. It is also recommended that some of the ads should not be
telecast on television, but it cannot be taken into consideration, as it has
become a public source for public, of public and by public.
This is how television plays its role in society. It also
makchildren or youth far from indoor and outdoor games. They prefer watching
television shows than playing healthy games.
Ø Cinema
Cinema has
become bread and butter (basic need) of people, as they can survive without
food for a long time but cannot without cinema or television at least for a
while. It has vastly influenced the generation of children, youth, and adults
even aged people. Their lives are changing faster than the color of chameleon
and this is all because of cinema.
The moral
values and social or cultural manners are changing their patterns. It is
claimed by the people that media or cinema changes the moral values of society
at the same time cinema counter argues that it is only the reality which cinema
shows.
What is right
and wrong is as difficult to say as to say about the egg and hen, which came
first egg or hen? Similarly, no one can give final answer of what is right or
wrong. Cinema is having both aspects negative and positive, as the negatives
are innumerable.
For example, people prefer watching movies than
reading texts. Generally people go for the movies like 3 idiots, than for the
novel five point someone by Chetan Bhagat. Similarly there are many movies
which have been watched like Hello, Omkara, Namesake, Pride and Prejudice,
Provoked, Maqbool, but the texts of these particular movies have rarely been
read like one night @ the call center by Chetan Bhagat, Othello by William
Shakespeare, Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen,
Provoked by Kiranjit Ahluwaliya, Macbeth by William Shakespeare respectively.
So, it is negative part of cinema that people go for
movie but at the same time it is good to know that some of the viewers are
interested in reading texts by watching the films and this is how they preserve
some of the cultural traditions. At the same time all these aspects help
marketers increase their selling ratio high and in this matter other Medias
also play significant role like newspapers, magazines, advertisements etc.
Ø Impact on Children:
When children
watch any particular contemporary movie, it is not without obscenity and
violence, they do not know about the fictional elements of film but consider it
as reality.
From their very
young age they become mature enough before their age. The films like Dabbang,
Bodygaurd, Wanted, Gajini, Agnipath and Style, One Two Three, Kya kool hein
Hum, Murder, Dirty Picture are full of violence and obscenity. These films can
affect the children as well as youth in a dangerous way.
There are also many films like Chiller
Party, Slumdog Millionaire in which the Tappori language is pervaded throughout
the films. They do not know what is right to see or what is not, so, they
should watch films under their parents’ guidance. But, on a contrary part,
parents are also changing their thinking because when their children imitate
hero or heroines of speak Tappori language, they seem very funny to them and
that is how the generation becomes corrupted from the very childhood.
Movies are created to provide
refreshment and entertainment to people. They make people aware of happenings,
present issues, politics and all. Movies at the same time becoming more
commercial, they do not care about society.
The rights of film are sold in a huge number of money,
then director do not care about how the film will affect the society or what
circumstances it will create after its release. Producers and financiers
consider it as a tempting and lucrative business. For actors and actresses, it
is a means to earn money and popularity among people.
But, the society blindly imitates their
favorite heroes and heroines. Film dialogues, actions, songs are based on the
tastes of the audience. Item songs and Masala make movie attractive and people
go for those movies.
The dialogues are changing as time passes their forms are
becoming or having double meaning, full of slangs, for example Delhi Belly, is
the film in which slangs dominate the whole film. People cannot watch the movie
with their family members now a day, because the scenes, the actions, the
dialogues and the songs are so cheap in words that no one can bear those things
when they watch together.
New media is used to describe content made available
using different forms of electronic communication made possible through the use
of computer technology. Generally, the phrase new media describes content
available on-demand through the Internet.
This content can be viewed on any
device and provides way for people to interact with the content in real-time
with the inclusion of user comments and making it easy for people to share the
content online and in social with friends and co-workers.
Internet and
Facebook have become part of new media. Technology and science have made its
use simple and comfortable and cheap. It is both boon as well as bane. It has
helped people to see the other part of the world at just a click of a mouse.
People know their surroundings, but Internet gives
information about every corner of the world precisely and concisely. It makes
interaction faster through mails with a number of people at a time. It gives a
chance to express new thoughts and ideas in terms of blogs and other web
resources.
Similarly, Facebook is the part of internet but can be
considered as new media in a particular term. Even in Facebook people can share
their views, comment, put pictures and other similar things. But it affects
children’s health and wastes their time, as it is social network to connect
people, but the excessive use of Facebook leads people towards their
frustration and disappointment.
Recently there was one incident
on India TV news channel that one father killed his daughter because she
did not cook, she did not work properly but set on the Facebook for a long
time, and the father got angry by her abusive words about him on Facebook and
it resulted into tragedy. This is how the excessive use of it can destroy
people’s mental condition.
Internet is boon for those who are sincere
in their study and want to know more something about their topics but it
becomes a tool for time pass even for those who just merely use for the sake of
entertainment. Facebook also causes destruction, as there is one news in
Gujarat Samachar 30 March 2012, that one lady committed suicide because of
Facebook chatting. She wrote on her Facebook account that “I am dying... This
Facebook will be poison.” Thus, this example shows how internet and social
networking sites also become obstacles in society.
Examples of New
Media :-
Ø Websites and blog
Ø Streaming audio and video
Ø Chat rOnline communities
Ø Social media and sharing platforms
Ø Mobile apps
Ø Web advertising
Ø DVD and CD-ROM media
Ø Virtual reality environments
Ø Integration of digital data with the
telephone, such as Internet telephony
Ø Digital camera
Conclusion :-
To, Sum Up my point here I would like to say that now a
days this media are becoming very important part of our lives.
In the modern
times one cannot escape from Television, Cinema and New Media.
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